We can't see clearly in the photos to determine what the substance is on top of the potting mix but it doesn't appear to be mold. It looks like fertilizer or another type of granular substance that was either applied or rose to the surface through watering. 

Basil and peppers are annual plants in our region so they will not survive the winter. Bringing them inside will also not likely be successful. You would need strong grow lights to maintain their health. People have more success with herbs overwintering than vegetables. If you wanted to try, just separate the plants, replant the basil in a container with drainage holes,  and find a sunny window or purchase a grow light for the basil. Prune any flowers off unless you are hoping to save seeds. When most herbs flower, their flavor doesn't remain as strong or they can become bitter. 

There may still be enough daylight in full sun for leafy greens to grow, but with the days getting shorter and night temperatures becoming colder, you may not have much success. You could try using some type of cover or protection on the plants or growing lettuce in a sunny window/under grow lights indoors over the winter. 

The first hard frost date in Maryland depends on your region. Howard Co. is considered central MD, but your yard could even have micro-pockets where frost settles first. Generally, anytime between the second week of October and mid to late November, we can experience freezing temperatures, with it becoming more consistent as we get into December. Just watch the weather for any nighttime temperatures that dip below 40 degrees F. Warm-season annuals like basil and peppers could be damaged below 50 degrees. 

Other resources:

When to Plant Vegetables (freeze date info.)

Starting Seeds Indoors

Let us know if we can help further.

Emily